Pesimismo antropológico, comercio y economía: de Hobbes a Montesquieu

Anthropological Pessimism, Commerce, and Economy: from Hobbes to Montesquieu

• Matias Leiva Universidad de los Andes Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6798-2959

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5528395

Keywords: Anthropology; human nature; passions; commerce; economy, Anthropology, human nature, passions, commerce, economy

Abstract

In this article we will approach Hobbes’ anthropological considerations about the new ways of understanding human nature in the modern era and, therefore, economy and commerce. We will try to show the reception of Hobbes’ anthropology in Montesquieu and prove it was used as base for the construction of a model of society based on commerce. Then, we will argue that, in Montesquieu’s theory, it was discovered that passions could be used so they may have a positive effect on economy and commercial development. Finally, we will consider the problems and difficulties that rise from such a proposal and the anthropological implications it has.

References

HAZARD, Paul, El pensamiento europeo en el siglo XVIII, Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1946, pp. 157-158.

HIRSCHMAN, Albert, Las pasiones y los intereses: argumentos políticos en favor del capitalismo previos a su triunfo, Capitán Swing Libros, Madrid, 2014, p. 39.

WILLIAMS, David Lay, “Political Ontology and Institutional Design in Montesquieu and Rousseau”, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 54, no. 2, 2010, p. 526.

VOGET, Fred, “Anthropology in the Age of Enlightenment: Progress and Utopian Functionalism”, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 24, no. 4, 1968, p. 321.

MANENT, Pierre, The City of Man, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1994, p. 15.

HIRSCHMAN, Albert, Las pasiones y los intereses: argumentos políticos en favor del capitalismo previos a su triunfo, Capitán Swing Libros, Madrid, 2014, p. 38.

PANGLE, Thomas, The Theological Basis of Liberal Modernity in Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2010, p. 12-15.

MAQUIAVELO, Nicolás, El Príncipe, Gredos, Madrid, 2011, p. 142.

HIRSCHMAN, Albert, Las pasiones y los intereses: argumentos políticos en favor del capitalismo previos a su triunfo, Capitán Swing Libros, Madrid, 2014, p. 38.

SÁNCHEZ, Ángel Luis, “Naturaleza humana y orden social”, Universitas: Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política, vol. 20, 2014, pp. 148-149.

FERNÁNDEZ, Manuel, “De Maquiavelo a Hobbes: Una nueva configuración de la vida social”, Revista Verbo, vol. 110, 1972, pp. 981-989

FERNÁNDEZ, Manuel, “El derecho natural entre la «exigencia» ética y el «razonamiento» político”, en, El Derecho Natural Hispánico, Ed. Escelicer, Madrid, 1973, pp. 73-98.

VOGET, Fred, “Anthropology in the Age of Enlightenment: Progress and Utopian Functionalism”, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 24, no. 4, 1968, p. 321.

HIRSCHMAN, Albert, Las pasiones y los intereses: argumentos políticos en favor del capitalismo previos a su triunfo, Capitán Swing Libros, Madrid, 2014, p. 65.

MACPHERSON, C.B., La teoría política del individualismo posesivo. De Hobbes a Locke, Trotta, Madrid, 2005, pp. 21-16.

MACPHERSON, C.B., La teoría política del individualismo posesivo. De Hobbes a Locke, Trotta, Madrid, 2005, pp. 28-55.

MACPHERSON, C.B., La teoría política del individualismo posesivo. De Hobbes a Locke, Trotta, Madrid, 2005, pp. 33-37.

BOBBIO, Norberto, Thomas Hobbes, Ediciones Paradigma, Barcelona, 1991, pp. 52-56.

HOBBES, Thomas, Leviatán, Alianza, Madrid, 2018

MACPHERSON, C.B., La teoría política del individualismo posesivo. De Hobbes a Locke, Trotta, Madrid, 2005, p. 30

BOBBIO, Norberto, Thomas Hobbes, Ediciones Paradigma, Barcelona, 1991, pp. 64-67.

SÁNCHEZ, Ángel Luis, “Naturaleza humana y orden social”, Universitas: Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política, vol. 20, 2014, p. 151.

SÁNCHEZ, Ángel Luis, “Naturaleza humana y orden social”, Universitas: Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política, vol. 20, 2014, p. 151.

PANGLE, Thomas, Montesquieu's Philosophy of Liberalism. A Commentary on The Spirit of the Laws, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973, p. 35.

LOWENTHAL, David, “Book I of Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws”, The American Political Science Review, vol. 53, no. 2, 1959, p. 494.

SPECTOR, Céline, “Montesquieu et la crise du droit naturel modernde. L'exégèse straussiene”, Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, vol. 1, 2013, p. 69

PANGLE, Thomas, The Theological Basis of Liberal Modernity in Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2010, p. 15

LOWENTHAL, David, “Book I of Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws”, The American Political Science Review, vol. 53, no. 2, 1959, p. 494.

WILLIAMS, David Lay, “Political Ontology and Institutional Design in Montesquieu and Rousseau”, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 54, no. 2, 2010, p. 529.

VOGET, Fred, “Anthropology in the Age of Enlightenment: Progress and Utopian Functionalism”, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vol. 24, no. 4, 1968, p. 322.

PANGLE, Thomas, Montesquieu's Philosophy of Liberalism. A Commentary on The Spirit of the Laws, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973, p. 34.

PANGLE, Thomas, The Theological Basis of Liberal Modernity in Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2010, p. 21.

MONTESQUIEU, Charles Secondat, Del espíritu de las leyes, Losada, Buenos Aires, 2007, pp. 33-35.

FERNÁNDEZ, Manuel, “El derecho natural entre la «exigencia» ética y el «razonamiento» político”, en, El Derecho Natural Hispánico, Ed. Escelicer, Madrid, 1973, p. 89.

SÁNCHEZ, Ángel Luis, “Naturaleza humana y orden social”, Universitas: Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política, vol. 20, 2014, p. 151.

YOUNG, David, “Montesquieu's Methodology: Holism, Individualism, and Morality”, The Historian, vol. 44, no. 1, 1981, pp. 36-50.

MALCOLM, Noel, “Thomas Hobbes: Liberal illiberal”, Journal of the British Academy, vol. 4, 2016, pp. 113-116.

MONTESQUIEU, Charles Secondat, Del espíritu de las leyes, Losada, Buenos Aires, 2007, p. 13, 415 y 418-419

HIRSCHMAN, Albert, Las pasiones y los intereses: argumentos políticos en favor del capitalismo previos a su triunfo, Capitán Swing Libros, Madrid, 2014, p. 58.

MANENT, Pierre, The City of Man, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1994, p. 142.

MANSUY, Daniel, “Comercio y virtud en el pensamiento de Montesquieu”, Ideas y Valores, vol. 65, no. 162, 2016, pp. 225-226.

FERNÁNDEZ, Manuel, “De Maquiavelo a Hobbes: Una nueva configuración de la vida social”, Revista Verbo, vol. 110, 1972, p. 980.

SPECTOR, Céline, “Montesquieu et la crise du droit naturel modernde. L'exégèse straussiene”, Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, vol. 1, 2013, p. 68.