Effectiveness of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell medium on burn wound healing: Focus on apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy

• Zeynep Çelik–Kenar Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9667-5728
• Mehmet Tuzcu Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3118-1054
• Gökhan Akçakavak Aksaray University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-4752
• Nijat Majidov Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic Surgery, Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-8721
• Muhammed Öner Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-1062
• Ayşenur Tural–Çifçi Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1585-3359
• Rabia Şahin Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology. Türkiye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0364-697X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e35517

Keywords: Apoptosis, autophagy, burn wounds, Wharton jelly mesenchymal stem cell–derived conditioned medium

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment efficacy of Platelet–Rich Plasma (PRP), silver sulfadiazine, and Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Conditioned Medium (WJ–MSC–CM) on burn wounds using a rat model. The study included four groups, each with 16 rats, and the groups were further divided into two subgroups (n=8) for the 7^th and 14^th days of the treatment process. Group 1 received no treatment after the burn. Group 2 received PRP (Platelet–Rich Plasma) treatment on the first day after the burn. Group 3 was treated with silver sulfadiazine on the first day after the burn. Group 4 received WJ–MSC–CM on the first day after the burn. In the current study, the expression of Caspase–3, Bcl–2, TNF–α, p21, and Beclin–1 genes among the groups was evaluated by Real–time PCR. The silver sulfadiazine and WJ–MSC–CM treatment groups exhibited lower Bcl–2 expression and higher Caspase–3 and Beclin–1 expression compared to the other groups. TNF–α and p21 expression was high in the burn control group and showed lower expression in the treated groups. The current findings demonstrate that WJ–MSC–CM exhibits healing efficacy on burn wounds comparable to the reference drug (silver sulfadiazine) by inducing apoptosis and autophagy and reducing necroptosis and DNA damage. Additionally, PRP provided some positive benefits compared to the control group but was less effective than the other treatments.

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