Effect of vitamins, minerals and amino acids supplementation on the return to heat of Holstein cows in Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Technical note
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of parenteral supplementation of vitamins, minerals and amino acids, during the gestation-lactation transition period, on the return to postpartum heat of Holstein cows in Cotopaxi, Ecuador, this research was carried out between August 2021 and July 2022. 30 Holstein cows were selected. The return to heat was determined 60 days postpartum (DPP) and the opportunity cost was calculated. The percentages of cows that returned to heat before 60 DPP were compared using the χ2 test. The relative risk was determined with the χ2 test and the fraction prevented in exposed and population (FPE, FPP), the relative and absolute reduction in risk (RRR and RAR) and the necessary number of cows to supplement (NNT) to reduce a case of non-return to heat were determined. The percentage of females that returned to heat was higher (P<0.008) in the treated group than in the controls. Supplementation constituted a significant protective factor for non-return to heat within 60 DPP [RR 0.46 (χ2= 7.03, P<0.008], FPE and FPP were 53 and 23%, respectively. The RRR, the RAR and NNT were 54%, 7% and 14.28, respectively. The opportunity cost was $868.50 USD. It was concluded that supplementation significantly increased the percentage of animals that returned to heat within 60 DPP, and was a protective risk factor for non-return to heat in this period; generating an economic benefit.
Downloads
References
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos [INEC]. Manual del encuestador, supervisor, digitador. ESPAC [Internet]. Quito (Ecuador): INEC, 2023. [consultado 10 Jul. 2023]. Disponible en: https://goo.su/Da0sa
Armas PJL, Álvarez CNA, Molina EJM, Romero CF, Cajas J, Yunga VRH, Viera RVG. Influencia de la distribución de la parición anual en los resultados productivos en granjas lecheras de Ecuador. Rev. Ecuat. Cienc. Anim. [Internet]. 2022 [consultado 06 Feb. 2024]; 5(3):142-150. Disponible en: https://goo.su/mBzppg
Balarezo-Urresta LR, Noval-Artiles E, García-Díaz, J.R. Energy-mineral supplementation during the gestation-lactation transition period in Holstein cows, Cuban J. Agric. Sci. [Internet]. 2021 [consultado 16 Feb. 2022]; 55(2):1-11. Disponible en: https://goo.su/pNUAvZf
Butler RW. Metabolic and reproductive interactions in dry and transition dairy cows. En: InCalf Reproduction Symposium. [Internet]. 2013; Melbourne (Australia). [consultado 20 Jul. 2018]: 1-8. Disponible en: https://goo.su/gdz2or
García-Díaz JR, Noval-Artiles E, Pérez-Bello A, Hernández-Barreto M, Pérez-González Y. Effects of copper parenteral supplementation on the weight gain in fattening bulls. Rev. MVZ Córdoba [Internet]. 2017; 22(2):5820-5827. doi: https://doi.org/10/g8342n DOI: https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.1009
Noval E, García-Díaz JR, García-López R, Jimenez-Pérez J. Effect of different doses of an injectable compound of Cu, Zn and Mn on bio-productive indicators of milking cows. Cuban J. Agric. Sci. [Internet]. 2016 [consultado 24 Jun 2021]; 50(2):371-380. Disponible en: https://goo.su/MTM4tZx
Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrografía (INAMHI). Datos meteorológicos de la estación meteorológica de Chalpatán, Carchi, Ecuador. [Internet]. Quito (Ecuador): INAMHI; 2023. [consultado 19 Mar. 2023]. Disponible en: https://goo.su/nSWjns
Soil Survey Staff. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 13th ed. [Internet]. Washington D.C (EUA): U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service; 2022. [consultado 21 Oct. 2024]. 410 p. Disponible en: https://goo.su/6rOiHmz
Franco W. Suelos Volcánicos y Riesgos y Oportunidades del Desarrollo Agrícola Sostenible en el Cantón Huaca, Carchi-Ecuador. En: Alternativas para el desarrollo de la provincia del Carchi [Internet]. 23 Mar. 2016; Tulcan, Ecuador. Tulcan (Ecuador): Universidad Politecnica Estatal del Carchi (UPEC); 2016 [consultado 19 Jul. 2024]; 23 p. Disponible en: https://goo.su/YxF6zX
French J, Wright T, Mongeon M. Body condition scoring of dairy cattle. factsheet [Internet] Ontario (Canadá): Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; 2020. [consultado 21 Oct 2024]; 4 p. Disponible en: https://goo.su/RwpmP
Cuesta M, Montejo E, Duvergel J. Medicina Interna Veterinaria. La Habana (Cuba): Editorial Félix Varela; 2007. 327 p.
Brito R, Blanco GS, Calderón R, Preval B, Campo E. Patología de la Reproducción Animal. 2da ed. La Habana (Cuba): Editorial Félix Varela; 2010.
Van Eenennaam AL, Silva FDF, Trott JF, Zilberman D. Genetic engineering of livestock: the opportunity cost of regulatory delay. Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. [Internet]. 2021; 9:453-478. doi: https://doi.org/10/g8342p DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-061220-023052
IBM Corp. Released 2011. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
Servicio de Información sobre Saúde Pública de la Dirección Xeral de Saúde Pública de la Consellería de Sanidade (Xunta de Galicia). EPIDAT 3.1. [Internet]. 2005. [consultado 12 Sep 2024]. Disponible en: https://goo.su/NBt2p
Badii MH, Guille A, Abreu JL. Estadísticas para estimación del riesgo (Statistics of risk estimation). Daena Int. J. Good Conscience [Internet]. 2021. [consultado 16 Feb. 2022]; 16(1):1-21. Disponible en: https://goo.su/wlHWm5q
Arthington JD, Swensont CK. Effects of trace mineral source and feeding method on the productivity of grazing Braford cows. Prof. Anim. Sci. [Internet]. 2004; 20(2):155-161. doi: https://doi.org/10/g8342q DOI: https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)31290-0
Yatoo MI, Saxena A, Deepa PM, Habeab BP, Devi S, Jatav RS, Dimri U. Role of trace elements in animals: a review. Vet. World [Internet]. 2013; 6(12):963-967. doi: https://doi.org/10/g8342r DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2013.963-967
García JR, Cuesta M, Pedroso R, Rodríguez, J, Gutiérrez M, Mollineda, A Figueredo J, Quiñones R. Suplementación parenteral de cobre en vacas gestantes: efecto sobre postparto y terneros. Rev. MVZ Córdoba [Internet]. 2007; 12(2):985-995. doi: https://doi.org/10/g8342s DOI: https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.419
Balarezo LR. García-Díaz JR, Hernández-Barreto MA, García López, R. Metabolic and reproductive state of Holstein cattle in the Carchi region, Ecuador. Cuban J. Agric. Sci. [Internet]. 2016 [consultado 17 Jul. 2023]; 50(3):381-392. Disponible en: https://goo.su/iNve09j
García JR, García-López R, Cuesta M, Figueredo JM, Quiñones R, Faure R, Pedroso R, Mollineda A. Blood copper levels and their influence on reproductive indicators of cows in tropical conditions. Cuban J. Agric. Sci. [Internet]. 2010 [consultado 17 May. 2020]; 44(3):233-239. Disponible en: https://goo.su/Lkod1i
García-Díaz JR, Dungula-Sapalalo GH, Noval-Artíles E, Hernández-Barreto MA, Mollineda-Trujillo A, Garzón-Jarrin R. Relación entre cinquemia y fertilidad en vacas lecheras mestizas Holstein x Cebú. Arch. Zootec. [Internet]. 2020; 69(265):96-101. doi: https://doi.org/10/g8342t DOI: https://doi.org/10.21071/az.v69i265.5044
Djokovic RD, Kurcubic VS, Ilic ZZ. Blood serum levels of macro-and micronutrients in transition and full lactations cows. Bulgarian J. Agric. Sci. [Internet]. 2014 [consultado 11 Jul. 2024]; 20(3):715-720. Disponible en: https://goo.su/kryQHNz
García-Díaz JR, Munyori-Nderitu H, Cuesta-Mazorra M, Quiñones-Ramos R, Figueredo-Ross JM, Artiles EN, Mollineda-Trujillo Á. Therapeutic efficacy and pharmacological safety of parenteral supplementation of different concentrations of copper in cows. Arch. Tierzucht [Internet]. 2012; 55(1):25-35. doi: https://doi.org/10/g8342v DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-55-25-2012
Balarezo-Urresta LR, García-Díaz JR, Noval-Artiles E. Condición corporal y reinicio de la actividad ovárica posparto en vacas Holstein en Ecuador. Rev. MVZ Córdoba [Internet]. 2020; 25(3):e1859. doi: https://doi.org/10/g8342w DOI: https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.1859
Abuelo A, Hernández J, Benedito JL, Castillo C. The importance of the oxidative status of dairy cattle in the periparturient period: revisiting antioxidant supplementation. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. [Internet]. 2015; 99(6):1003-1016. doi: https://doi.org/10/f7zgzq DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12273
Hackbart KS, Ferreira RM, Dietsche AA, Socha MT, Shaver RD, Wiltbank MC, Fricke PM. Effect of dietary organic zinc, manganese, copper, and cobalt supplementation on milk production, follicular growth, embryo quality, and tissue mineral concentrations in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. [Internet]. 2010; 88(12):3856-3870. doi: https://doi.org/10/ccf8f5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3055
Sales JNS, Pereira RVV, Bicalho RC, Baruselli PS. Effect of injectable copper, selenium, zinc and manganese on the pregnancy rate of crossbred heifers (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) synchronized for timed embryo transfer. Livestock Sci. [Internet]. 2011; 142(1-3):59-62. doi: https://doi.org/10/d34j74 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.06.014
Barcarolo D, Angeli E, Etchevers L, Ribas LE, Matiller V, Rey F, Ortega HH, Hein GJ. Effect of parenteral supplementation of minerals and vitamins on oxidative stress biomarkers and hepatic fatty acid metabolism in dairy cows during the transition period. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. [Internet]. 2024; 2(4):1582-1593 doi: https://doi.org/10/g8342x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03776-z
Copyright (c) 2025 Rafael Alfonso Garzón-Jarrín, Luis Alonso Chicaiza-Sánchez, Patricia Marcela Andrade-Aulestia, Blanca Jeaneth Villavicencio-Villavicencio, Juan Ramón García-Díaz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
