Efecto de la Administración Intramamaria de Ácido Hipocloroso en la Mastitis Subclínica en Vacas Lecheras

• Eyyup Hakan Ucar Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Aydin, Türkiye
• Cevdet Peker Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Aydin, Türkiye

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e34466

Palabras clave: Ácido hipocloroso, mastitis subclínica, tratamiento, vaca lechera

Resumen

La mastitis subclínica es un problema significativo en la producción lechera debido a su impacto en la producción y calidad de la leche, lo que lleva a pérdidas económicas a pesar de la ausencia de síntomas visibles. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el uso potencial del tratamiento intramamario con ácido hipocloroso (HOCl) como un sustituto viable a los antibióticos para el tratamiento de la mastitis subclínica (MSC) en vacas lecheras. Un total de 232 vacas lecheras Holstein–Friesian con 928 cuartos mamarios fueron sometidas a la prueba de mastitis de California (CMT) para identificar la MSC. Los resultados indicaron que 141 vacas tenían MSC en al menos un cuarto de la ubre, con una tasa del 60.78% en el rebaño. Entre estas vacas, 259 cuartos mamarios mostraron diversos grados de CMT positivo. Antes del tratamiento, se determinaron los conteos de células somáticas (SCC) y se realizaron cultivos bacterianos en 74 cuartos mamarios CMT positivos seleccionados al azar. El HOCl se administró por vía intramamaria a estos cuartos durante 5 días inmediatamente después del ordeño. El CMT, el SCC y el cultivo bacteriano se repitieron en el tercer y quinto día del tratamiento. Se observó un aumento en el SCC en el tercer y quinto día del tratamiento en comparación con antes del tratamiento (P<0.001). El crecimiento bacteriano se redujo del 64.86% antes del tratamiento al 49,95% en el tercer día y al 22,97% en el quinto día del tratamiento. Staphylococcus aureus fue la bacteria más prevalente antes del tratamiento. En el tercer día del tratamiento, la tasa de crecimiento bacteriano, particularmente en Candida spp., disminuyó en comparación con antes del tratamiento. Sin embargo, en el quinto día del tratamiento, S. aureus y la combinación de S. aureus con Candida spp. continuaron mostrando altas tasas de crecimiento. En conclusión, este estudio subraya que el HOCl es una alternativa potencial a los antibióticos para tratar la MSC en vacas lecheras. Se recomienda realizar más investigaciones que abarquen tanto la mastitis clínica como la subclínica, junto con estudios que apunten a prolongar la presencia de HOCl en la ubre, determinar su dosis ideal y aumentar su impacto en más células.

Citas

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