Cuadernos Latinoamericanos

Tabla de Contenido

Elita Rincón Castillo Rincón Castillo — 2020-07-17

La revista científica académica como instrumento de divulgación y difusión de la investigación

Elita Luisa Rincón Castillo — 2020-07-17

Cada vez que un científico finaliza una investigación, tiene que divulgar sus resultados y conclusiones para el resto de la comunidad científica; es así como funciona y avanza la ciencia moderna: como un complejo sistema social con sus propios canales de comunicación, normas, reglas y principios éticos (Lam, 2016). Escribir en revistas especializadas es una de las labores académicas más relevantes en el quehacer del investigador; esta escritura puede ser con el propósito de divulgar o de difundir un conocimiento nuevo. Tanto la difusión como la divulgación científica son actividades de comunicación. Es importante, entonces, tener claro la diferencia entre difusión y divulgación científica (Espinosa, 2010).

Scientific-technological cooperation between Argentina and Mexico: the case of the Argentine-Mexican Center for Biotechnology (2011-2015)

María Paz López — 2020-07-17

The article aims to contribute to the study of scientific-technological cooperation between Argentina and Mexico at the beginning of the 21st century, focusing on the Argentine-Mexican Center in Biotechnology (CAMEB), created in 2011. For this, we used a qualitative methodology based on the case study, combining different sources of information, such as official documents from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation and interviews with Argentine directors of binational research projects, approved at the Center. Among the results, the importance of funding to energize pre-existing ties between
Argentine and Mexican scientists was found, allowing them to develop activities such as joint publication, presentation to congresses, training of human resources and interdisciplinary work. In addition, the importance of language understanding and work on shared problems was highlighted. Although there were attempts to link with other sectors of society, limitations were found regarding business behavior, administrative times, macroeconomic dynamics, and evaluative practices. It is concluded that, within a framework of cordial relations between both countries and a shared vision of the importance of biotechnology, the Center capitalized on pre-existing cooperation ties, providing them with financing for a more stable and dynamic development, presenting certain limitations in their scopes.

Venezuelan Amazon in chaos: economic and social crisis

Leonardo Favio Osorio Bohórquez — 2020-07-17

The Amazonas state located in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is in the spotlight as a result of its natural wealth. In recent years, the economic situation that the country is going through has had a strong impact on the region, whose deficit in food and public services such as gas, transportation or fuels, is perhaps more intense than in other regions. In this scenario, the objective of this work was to analyze how the economic and social situation in Amazonas has worsened. Two fundamental problems are studied: the economic crisis and the guerrilla presence together with the mining problem. Through the use of the historical method, the use of oral history and the use of qualitative methodology, with the application of unstructured open interviews, the contribution of some indigenous and Creole testimonies was taken in order to know their vision about of this problem in the region. It is concluded that both indigenous and creole groups are affected by the current situation due to the increase in hyperinflation and the generalized shortage of goods and services, together with the increase in violence from disputes over the control of mines.

Balance of payments crisis and economic vulnerability: an analysis of three generations of theoretical models

Gary Fernando Jiménez Hidalgo — 2020-07-17

The economic literature on balance of payments crisis or currency crisis has gone through different stages or generations. The purpose of this work is to study the models of balance of payments crises. An interpretive methodology was used through a documentary research design. The article is organized in three aspects. First, the notion of balance of payments crisis is examined. Second, the period of a balance of payments crisis is addressed, taking into account the transition from a fixed exchange rate system to floating exchange rate system. Third, the models on balance of payments crises are analyzed: first, second and third generation. At the end of nineties of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, the discussión on the situation and prospects of the international economy has been strongly influenced by a series of balance of payments crises or currency crises that have affected various developed countries and in development. From the crises produced in the European Monetary System (1992), the Mexican (1994), the Asian countries (1997), the Brazilian (1999), the Argentine (2001), among others, has developed widely in economic literature, deepening the study of the processes that have led to the collapse of the exchange rate. After reviewing the different models and generations of balance of payments crises, it is concluded that they are based on common patterns of behavior. The variables that could be selected as a common factor of the different currents, point to considering that it the vulnerability of an economy, which makes it prone to suffering a crisis episode or even being immersed in a contagion process.

Strategic factors for Local Electronic Government in the urban municipalities of Venezuela

Gleccy Leal Ríos — 2020-07-17

The Municipal Public Administration in Latin America, according to the current trends of innovation in public management, is faced with the challenge of responding to new demands from citizens and levels of government. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strategic factors for Local Electronic Government in urban municipalities in Venezuela. The methodology used is descriptive with a non-experimental, transectional and field research design, supported by triangulation techniques of the selected categories of analysis. The strategic factors to be taken into account to develop Local Electronic Government in urban municipalities, based on the theoretical and regulatory review, have been grouped into: legal, corporate, relationship, added value and protection. According to the degree of maturity of these strategic factors in Venezuela, the application of Local Electronic Government tools will allow the public powers to archieve the following purposes: modernize the operations of the State, improve the services offered to its citizens, increase transparency reducing corruption and increasing citizen participation. As a result of this research, it was obtained that in Venezuela, in general, these strategic factors have been strengthened for the development of Local Electronic Government in urban municipalities, which have developed and modernized their information, access and transaction instruments in the portals on the Internet, being in tune with new trends. It is concluded that the strategic factors for Local Electronic Government have been optimized with urban municipal management in Venezuela, which has had an impact on improving public management by making it more visible and where the interests of citizens for local development are met, in the innovation framework for Municipal Public Administration, participation and institutional transparency.

Analysis of public policies in the World, Latin American and Ecuatorian context: an overview

Ángela Evelina Farfán Tigre — 2020-07-17

Public policies represent the way in which coherence, comprehensiveness and sustainability are given to the decisions and actions of governments. The purpose of this work is to carry out a review of the literature on the analysis of public policies in the global, Latin American and Ecuadorian context. This study was carried out from a hermeneutical research using a documentary design, supported by a review, analysis, systematization and interpretation of books, scientific articles, theses, among other documents. Public policies are orientations, directives or courses of action adopted by politicians or decision makers at different levels of government to seek practical solutions to public problems. The analysis of public policies is a discipline that emerged in industrialized societies in the 1950s, especially in the United States and England. The interest in Latin American for the discipline of public policy appears precisely in the years in which the reforms of the State, the government and the economy were carried out. Its reception and acceptance in the Latin American academic, civic and administrative environment was largely due to the fact that the discipline with its ideas and analytical methods offered a significant contribution to sustain the economic and political changes necessary to overcome the exhaustion of the pattern of government of the authoritarian state and demanded at the same time a new way of governing and a different profile of the ruler. In the case of Ecuador, regarding the condition of autonomy of society to participate in the formulation of public policies, although significant progress has been made in citizen participation processes, it has not yet been achieved that the executive and legislative authorities of the different levels of government become authentic leaders of civil society.

The value of environmental resources and their strategic dimensions in artisanal microenterprises in the state of Zulia, Venezuela

Andreína Baralt Rincón — 2020-07-17

Crafts worldwide are generally developed in local communities with ancestral influences, this being an economic means to generate their income. The objective of the article was to determinate the value of environmental resources used by Zulian artisanal microenterprises, where their different strategic dimensions were analyzed: economic, socio-political, ethical and cultural. The research was theoretically based on the authors: Aguilera (2000), Allmark (2002), Avellaneda (2009), Brown (2003), Bustos (2009), Calomarde (2005), El-Hage and Hattam (2003), Field and Field (2003), García (1991), García and López (1996), Gilpin (2003), Herrera (1996), Lucas (1998), Mahar (1999), Moreno (2003), Molina 2003, Navarro (2013, 2016), among others. The study was based on a descriptive research with field design, where a questionnaire was applied to the representatives of the Zulia artisan groups, attached to the Department of Culture of the University of Zulia. Venezuelan artisan production, originally, has been building the emblematic features of its identity, as individuals and as a collective. The results showed an adequate treatment of the resources taken from the environment, used in the artisanal activity from the economic, socio-political, ethical and cultural point of view. The prevalence of the recognition of artisans on these resources was observed, in order to generate economic benefits, obtaining the best use of the land and knowing their duties in terms of protecting them. Handicrafts themselves reflect their cultural value, as they are made by families of artisans, who have inherited the manufacturing techniques from their ancestors, currently maintaining traits of their originality and traditionalism. Its is recommended to inform the community, through conferences or informative talks, of the importance of giving it adequate profit and use by micro-enterprises, minimizing waste within the production process.

Difficulties of access to microcredit for agricultural producers in the Arequipa-Peru Region, 2016-2020

Bernabé Félix Pacheco Santos — 2020-07-17

The term microfinance refers to the provision of financial services to individuals or groups whose access to traditional banking systems is limited, depending on their socioeconomic status; that is to say, to actors with low income levels, considered as unreliable clients by the banks. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that limit access to microcredit for agricultural producers in the Arequipa Region in Peru. A survey was applied to the Manager and Credit Analyst of Agencies located in five Provinces; using information from the 2012 Agricultural Census and direct credits granted by microfinance institutions. Agricultural producers have the same problems as in other countries, but more serious, mainly due to having very small, unprofitable, low productivity plots, not accrediting minimum requirements, reduced guarantees, absence of property titles, high interest rates, high costs management and inadequate credit technology. Situation that is aggravated by the high concentration of microcredit in urban areas of the Province of Arequipa, estimated in 2016, which remains in 2020 affected in part by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the research carried out, it was found that the situation is critical in Peru, because the number of debtors served in 2012 and 2016 fell by -23% and financing to the sector was 2,5% and 2,7%, respectively. In the Arequipa Region, in 2016, the sector received only 4,4% of loans and in 2020 it was 4,5%, of the total placed in this area. Despite this low percentage, microfinance institutions, constitute an interesting and unique alternative in many areas, they manifest their commitment to continue supporting this activity, promoting growth, fostering entrepreneurship and contributing to the reduction of poverty, despite the high risk and high management costs.

La Teoría General de Keynes en sus 80° aniversario: origen, vigencia y trascendencia

Néstor Castro Barrios — 2020-07-17

En mi primera semana de estudiante de economía en la Universidad del Zulia, septiembre de 1958, entré a la incipiente Biblioteca de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, y logré tener en mis manos el libro de John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), la Teoría General de la Ocupación, el Interés y el Dinero , publicado en 1936, obra que causara en mi un gran impacto por el título que lo identifica, lo cual me llevó a pensar que era, sino el más importante escrito en la ciencia económica, con toda seguridad uno de los más relevantes (Keynes, 1958).

J. M. Keynes: entre lo paradigmático y el apego al orden. A 80 años de La Teoría General

Rodrigo Cabezas Morales — 2020-07-17

La historia del pensamiento económico universal en relación a la relevancia del
conocimiento científico registra en las obras: La Riqueza de las Naciones de Adam Smith (1723-1790), la superación rigurosa del mercantilismo y la fisiocracia, así como el nacimiento de la economía política como ciencia; enEl Capital de Carlos Marx (1818-1883), la develación histórica y crítica impugnadora del funcionamiento del capitalismo y; en La teoría general de la ocupación, el interés y el dinero de John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), una confrontación paradigmática con los fundamentos del Laissez Faire y una asertiva política económica de intervención estatal para corregir desequilibrios macroeconómicos de corto plazo del capitalismo. Son tres explicaciones del modo de funcionamiento del sistema capitalista en diferentes fases de su evolución histórica con indiscutido rigor científico.

A ochenta años del keynesianismo. Paradigma fundacional de la política económica. El desafío de su vigencia

Omar Muñoz Ramírez — 2020-07-17

Normas de publicación para colaboradores

Elita Rincón Castillo — 2020-07-17