El efecto del pesticida Klaxon sobre el estrés oxidativo y las respuestas antioxidantes del mejillón cebra (Dreissena polymorpha)
Resumen
El pesticida Klaxon representa una nueva generación de insecticidas empleados en el control de enfermedades, plagas y malezas en regiones agrícolas seleccionadas. Los pesticidas que ingresan al ambiente acuático indirectamente tienen un impacto perjudicial en los organismos que habitan este ambiente, y los humanos están finalmente expuestos a estos químicos a través de la cadena alimentaria. El presente estudio investigó la toxicidad del pesticida Klaxon en Dreissena polymorpha, un bioindicador adecuado de la contaminación del agua, a través del análisis del estrés oxidativo y biomarcadores metabólicos. Se determinaron los efectos del klaxon en concentraciones de 0,01; 0,15 y 0,30 mg·L-1 sobre el estrés oxidativo y los cambios antioxidantes en D. polymorpha durante un período de 24 y 96 horas. Se emplearon kits de ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas (ELISA) para cuantificar las actividades de superóxido dismutasa (SOD), glutatión peroxidasa (GPx), catalasa (CAT) y ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), así como para evaluar los niveles de glutatión reducido (GSH). Se utilizaron kits ELISA para determinar los resultados. La evaluación estadística de los análisis de biomarcadores se realizó utilizando la prueba ANOVA unidireccional (Duncan 0,05) del paquete SPSS 24.0. Se observaron disminuciones significativas en los niveles de GSH (P<0,05); aumentos significativos en los niveles de TBARS (P<0,05). Se observaron disminuciones significativas (P<0,05) en las actividades de SOD, CAT y GPx. Considerando los datos del estudio, se determinó que el pesticida klaxon que penetró en el cuerpo del organismo vivo causó estrés oxidativo y cambios en las actividades enzimáticas en D. polymorpha.
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