Relación entre predominancia racial y ectoparásitos en rebaños bovinos mestizos en un clima seco tropical. Nota técnica
Resumen
Para estimar la prevalencia de ectoparásitos y evaluar el impacto del predominio racial de Bos taurus taurus, Bos taurus indicus y sus cruces en esta prevalencia en ganaderías de doble propósito en un clima tropical seco de Venezuela, se realizó un muestreo por conglomerados. Se muestrearon 564 animales de 22 sistemas de producción ganadera, distribuidos proporcionalmente en seis grupos etarios (<3, 3-6, 6-12, 12-18, 18-32 y >32 meses, respectivamente). Los animales fueron evaluados en cuanto a la presencia de ectoparásitos, recolectando especímenes para su identificación mediante claves dicotómicas. Además, se analizaron las variables de edad y predominio racial. La prevalencia general de ectoparásitos fue del 57,54%, con prevalencias específicas de 51,5% para Haematobia irritans, 20,6% para Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus y 1,06% para Stomoxys calcitrans. Se observó un efecto significativo de la edad y del predominio racial sobre la prevalencia de ectoparásitos en general, especialmente para H. irritans y R. (B.) microplus, con una mayor probabilidad de infestación en animales adultos y aquellos predominantemente B.t. taurus. El predominio de B.t. indicus, resultó ser un factor protector contra la ectoparasitosis. La relación entre la prevalencia de ectoparásitos y el predominio racial de B.t. indicus muestra mayor resistencia.
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