Sostenibilidad de la cría de búfalos en diferentes entornos del mundo

  • Antonio Borghese General Secretariat International Buffalo Federation, Monterotondo, Italy
  • Vittoria Lucia Barile General Secretariat International Buffalo Federation, Monterotondo, Italy
  • Antonella Chiariotti General Secretariat International Buffalo Federation, Monterotondo, Italy
Palabras clave: Población de búfalos, leche, carne, sistemas agrícolas, sostenibilidad

Resumen

El búfalo doméstico (Bubalus bubalis) juega un papel estratégico en el mundo para la economía y la sociedad. 203,9 millones de cabezas en el planeta representan esta especie y producen 137 millones de toneladas de leche y 4,3 millones de toneladas de carne (aumento de +18,7% y +8,2% de 2015 a 2021, respectivamente). Los productos de búfalo son esenciales para los requerimientos humanos de proteínas de alto valor nutricional. Estos requisitos aumentarán rápidamente en el futuro con el crecimiento de la población humana. Por lo tanto, el búfalo tiene y tendrá un papel más estratégico en los programas económicos de los gobiernos de muchos países. El búfalo es un rumiante longevo con una alta capacidad para convertir la fibra en energía y adaptarse en zonas complejas como las marismas, Irak o Bangladesh, o en climas cálidos y húmedos donde otros rumiantes no pueden sobrevivir. El búfalo es un animal social y familiar en pequeñas aldeas del Sudeste Asiático, donde se utiliza principalmente en los campos de arroz como animal de tiro, produciendo leche esencial para la nutrición de los niños, carne, cuero, estiércol, cuernos y huesos. Gracias a su gran adaptabilidad, el búfalo puede criarse tanto en sistemas intensivos como extensivos, como en países sudamericanos donde los pastos naturales tienen alta disponibilidad. En este artículo, se informan las contribuciones de las razas locales y las razas lecheras cosmopolitas para sostener la producción de proteínas, mantener la biodiversidad de la tierra y sostener los medios de vida de las poblaciones de acuerdo con los diferentes sistemas agrícolas.

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Publicado
2023-11-21
Cómo citar
1.
Borghese A, Barile VL, Chiariotti A. Sostenibilidad de la cría de búfalos en diferentes entornos del mundo. Rev. Cient. FCV-LUZ [Internet]. 21 de noviembre de 2023 [citado 11 de abril de 2025];33(Suplemento):31-6. Disponible en: https://produccioncientificaluz.org./index.php/cientifica/article/view/43281