
92
_________________________ Revista Cientíca, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XXXIII, Supl. Esp., 92 - 93, 2023, https://doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-wbc012
INTEGRATED TECHNIQUE OF BUFFALO FERTILITY MANAGEMENT
IN NEPAL
Técnica integrada de gestión de la fertilidad de los búfalos en Nepal
Bhuminand Devkota*, Shatrughan Shah, Gokarna Gautam
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University,
Chitwan 44209, Nepal
*Corresponding author: bdevkota@afu.edu.np
important in medium and small-scale farms as the owner is re-
sponsible for heat detection, which is challenging in bualoes.
The integrated technique has succeeded in anestrus bualoes,
particularly during the low breeding season. The broader adop-
tion of this technique as a package of practices could be a key
to improving the reproductive eciency of bualoes in Nepal
and other countries with similar farming systems.
Keywords: anestrus, fertility management, nutritional status,
seasonality, water bualo.
RESUMEN
El búfalo de agua (Bubalus bubalis) en Nepal aporta el 57% de
la producción total de leche y el 36% de la producción total de
carne del país. Generalmente, los sistemas de cría de búfalos
varían desde sistemas a gran escala y semi-intensivos, con
rebaños de más de 50 animales, hasta sistemas intensivos a
pequeña escala en los que los agricultores mantienen de 1 a
5 animales, mientras que las granjas a gran escala son muy
pocas, y en el país predominan las explotaciones agrícolas de
mediana y pequeña escala. La eciencia productiva de los bú-
falos nepaleses es relativamente baja, debido principalmente a
la subfertilidad y la infertilidad. El retraso de la pubertad y los
intervalos prolongados entre partos, atribuidos principalmente
al anestro debido a la ciclicidad silenciosa y la aciclicidad ovári-
ca, son las principales formas de infertilidad en las búfalas ne-
palesas. Además, los búfalos en Nepal muestran un patrón de
reproducción estacional distinto, siendo de julio a diciembre la
temporada de reproducción activa y de abril a junio y de enero
a marzo las temporadas de reproducción baja y de transición,
respectivamente. Se entiende que la aciclicidad con ovarios
inactivos es un problema importante durante la transición y la
temporada baja de reproducción; sin embargo, se espera un
comportamiento cíclico silencioso durante las buenas tempo-
radas. Entre varios factores que comprometen la respuesta al
ABSTRACT
Water bualo (Bubalus bubalis) in Nepal contributes 57%
of the total milk and 36% of the total meat production in the
country. Even though the bualo farming systems range from
large-scale and semi-intensive, with herd sizes of more than
50 animals, to small-scale, intensive systems in which farmers
keep 1 to 5 animals, while large-scale farms are very few, and
medium and small-scale farms predominate in the country. The
productive eciency of Nepalese bualoes is relatively low,
due mainly to subfertility and infertility. Delayed puberty and
prolonged inter-calving intervals, attributed mainly to anestrus
due to silent cyclicity and ovarian acyclicity, are the major forms
of infertility in Nepalese bualoes. Moreover, bualoes in Nepal
show a distinct seasonal breeding pattern, with July to Decem-
ber as the active breeding season and April to June and Jan-
uary to March as the low and transitional breeding seasons,
respectively. It is understood that acyclicity with inactive ova-
ries is a major problem during the transition and low breeding
season; however, silent cyclicity is expected during the good
seasons. Among several factors compromising the treatment
response of anestrus bualoes in terms of pregnancy outcome,
poor body condition score, sub-normal levels of some blood
metabolic parameters, and gastrointestinal parasitic infection
are more common. Putting together all those information, we
developed an integrated technique of bualo fertility manage-
ment that includes anthelmintic treatment at least one month
prior to the initiation of specic timed articial insemination
(TAI) protocol and nutritional management by means of provid-
ing vitamin–mineral supplementation in addition to improving
the roughage supply and energy-protein content in the ration
soon after anthelmintic treatment until two weeks after AI. Spe-
cic TAI protocol includes Ovsynch during the good season and
CIDR co-synch during the transition and low seasons, as silent
ovulation during the good season and acyclicity during the oth-
er two seasons are the major causes of anestrus. The TAI is