Multivariate analysis in the characterization of feijoa fruits (Acca sellowiana [O. Berg] Burret) in Tungurahua, Ecuador
Keywords:
Patate, guayabo del país, goiabeira serrana, PCA
Abstract
The feijoa (Acca sellowiana [O. Berg] Burret) is a Myrtaceae native to southern Brazil and northern Uruguay. Its fruits can be consumed fresh or processed into juice, ice cream, wine, liqueurs and others. In Ecuador, feijoa cultivation has been reported since 1980 in the province of Tungurahua. To evaluate the morphological and physicochemical characteristics of feijoa fruits through multivariate analysis, fruits from 18 farms located in Tungurahua, Ecuador were analyzed. A sample of 10 fruits per farm were analyzed in the food processing laboratory of the Tungurahua Higher Technological Institute. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were employed for data evaluation. The fruits exhibited an oboval shape with erect sepals, moderate skin roughness, and white pulp. Fruit diameter ranged from 2.0 to 5.1 cm (CV=17 %), and fruit length ranged from 2.46 to 10.1 cm (CV=16.2 %), indicating variability in fruit size. Fruit biomass ranged from 8 to 133 g, with pulp yields between 4.6 % and 46.2 %. Total soluble solids ranged from 8.0 to 20 °Brix; the pH and titratable acidity (citric acid percentege) averaged 3.5 and 0.50, respectively. Fruit length and diameter showed a high correlation with fruit biomass. PCA identified the formation of three groups of producers, based on fruit size
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References
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González-García, K. E., Guerra-Ramírez, D., Ángel-Coronel, O. A. D., & Cruz-Castillo, J. G. (2018). Physical and chemical attributes of feijoa fruit in Veracruz, Mexico. Revista Chapingo. Serie horticultura, 24(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2017.01.006
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Nuñez, M., Keller H., & Pirondo, A. (2023). Etnobotánica de Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae): una especie de uso múltiple de Misiones, Argentina. Bonplandia 32(1): 27-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.3216366
Parra-Coronado, A., Fischer, G., & Camacho-Tamayo, J. H. (2015). Development and quality of pineapple guava fruit in two locations with different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Bragantia, 74(3), 359-366. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.0459
Pasquariello, M. S., Mastrobuoni, F., Di Patre, D., Zampella, L., Capuano, L. R., Scortichini, M., & Petriccione, M. (2015). Agronomic, nutraceutical and molecular variability of feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) germplasm. Scientia Horticulturae,191, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.04.036
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Puppo, M., Rivas, M., Franco, J., & Barbieri, R. L. (2014). Propuesta de descriptores para Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. 36, 957–970. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-393/13
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Saifert, L., Sánchez-Mora, F. D., Borzuk, L. J., Donazzolo, J., Freitas da Costa, N. C., Nunes Ribeiro, H., & Nodari, R. O. (2020). Evaluation of the genetic diversity in the feijoa accessions maintained at Santa Catarina, Brazil. Crop Science, 60, 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20088
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Sánchez-Mora, F. D., Saifert, L., Ribeiro, H. N., Rojas-Molina, A. M., Borsuk, L. J., dos Santos, K. L., Ducroquet, J. P. H. J., & Nodari, R. O. (2022). Advances on self-(in) compatibility of accessions of feijoa [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret]. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 51(4), 642-661. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2022.2073374
Santos, H. A. A., Faita, M. R., Orth, A. I., Ribeiro, L. G., Felippeto, J., & Nodari, R.O. (2022). Phenological development of fruits in cultivars of feijoa (Acca sellowiana) and its relationship with South American fruit fly infestation. Ciência Rural, 52(8), e20210353. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210353
Sganzerla, W.G., Ferreira, A.L.A., Rosa, G.B., Azevedo, M.S., Ferrareze, J.P., Komatsu, R.A., Nunes, M.R., da Rosa, C.G., Schmit, R., Costa, M.D., Ciotta, M.N., & de Lima Veeck, A.P. (2020) Feijoa [Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret] accessions characterization and discrimination by chemometrics. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(15), 5373-5384. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10585
Silveira, A.C., Oyarzún, D., Záccari, F., & Rivas, M. (2015). Determinación de algunos atributos de calidad en frutos de guayabo del país [Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret] en diferentes estados de maduración. Agrociencia (Uruguay), 19(1), 24 - 30. https://agrocienciauruguay.uy/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/311/265
Vatrano, T., Amenta, M., Copetta, A., Guardo, M., Nunziata, A., Strano, M.C., & Petriccione, M. (2022). Multifunctional role of Acca sellowiana from farm management to postharvest life: A Review. Agronomy, 12, 1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081802
Vilatuña, J., Valenzuela, P., Bolaños, J., Hidalgo, R., & Mariño, A. (2016). Hospederos de moscas de la fruta Anastrepha spp. y Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) en Ecuador. Revista Científica Ecuatoriana 3(1). https://doi.org/10.36331/revista.v3i1.16
Zhao, Y., Febrianto, N. A., & Zhu, F. (2023). Characterization of physicochemical properties, flavor volatiles and phenolic compounds of feijoa fruit varieties. Food Chemistry, 419, 136074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136074
Zhu, F. (2018). Chemical and biological properties of feijoa (Acca sellowiana). Trends in Food Science & Technology, 81, 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.008
Amarante, C. V. T., Souza, A. G., Benincá, T. D. T., & Steffens, C. A. (2017). Fruit quality of Brazilian genotypes of feijoa at harvest and after storage. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 52, 734-742. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2017000900005
Amarante, C. V. T., Steffens, C. A., Ducroquet, J. P. H. J., & Sasso, A. (2008). Qualidade de goiaba-serrana em resposta à temperature de armazenamento e ao tratamento com 1-metilciclopropeno. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43, 1683–1689. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2008001200007
Bartholomew, D. J. (2010). Analysis and interpretation of multivariate data. In: E. Baker, P. Peterson, & B. Mcgaw (Eds). International Encyclopedia of Education. (pp.12-17). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01303-8
Belous, O., Omarov, M., & Omarova, Z. (2014). Chemical composition of fruits of a feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana) in the conditions of subtropics of Russia. Potravinárstvo 8, 119–123. https://doi.org/10.5219/358
Beyhan, O., Bozkurt, M. A., & Boysal, S. C. (2011). Determination of macro-micronutrient contents in dried fruit and leaves and some pomological characteristics of selected feijoa genotypes (Feijoa sellowiana Berg.) from Sakarya provinces in Turkey. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences,21(2), 251–255. https://thejaps.org.pk/docs/21-2/10-126-RevisedFormated.pdf
Borsuk, L. J., Saifert, L., Otalora-Villamil, J. M., Sánchez-Mora, F. D., & Nodari, R. O. (2017). Phenotypic variability in feijoa fruits [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret] on Indigenous lands, Quilombolas communities and protected areas in the south of Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 39, e-699. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452017699
Cimmino, F., Cianciullo, P., Maresca, V., Saggiomo, S., Sorbo, S., Bontempo, P., & Basile, A. (2022). Feijoa sellowiana fruit, an amazing source of anticancer molecules. Annals of Research in Oncology, 2(2), 123-137. https://doi.org/10.48286/aro.2022.44
Citadin, I., Ferreira, A. C., Pertille, R. H., Donazzolo, J., & Lacerda, A. E. B. (2022). Characterisation and pre-selection of Acca sellowiana genotypes by multivariate analysis. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(5), 2123-2136. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n5p2123
Donazzolo, J., Salla, V. P., Sasso, S. A. Z., Danner, M. A., Citadin, I., & Nodari, R. O. (2017). Path analysis for selection of feijoa with greater pulp weight. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 47(6), e20161062. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20161062
Finatto, T., Santos, K. L., Steiner, N., Bizzocchi, L., Holderbaum, D. F., Ducroquet, J. P., Guerra, M. P., & Nodari, R. O. (2011). Late-acting self-incompatibility in Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany, 59(1), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT10152
González-García, K. E., Guerra-Ramírez, D., Ángel-Coronel, O. A. D., & Cruz-Castillo, J. G. (2018). Physical and chemical attributes of feijoa fruit in Veracruz, Mexico. Revista Chapingo. Serie horticultura, 24(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2017.01.006
Karslı, B. (2021). Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of pulp, peel and leaves of Feijoa sellowiana: Effect of extraction techniques, solvents and concentration. Food and Health, 7(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.3153/FH21003
Keller, H. A., & Tressens, S. G. (2007). Presencia en argentina de dos especies de uso múltiple: Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae) y Casearia Lasiophylla (Flacourtiaceae). Darwiniana 45(2), 204-212. https://www.ojs.darwin.edu.ar/index.php/darwiniana/article/view/93
Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária, Brasil [MAPA]. (2020). Instruções para execução dos ensaios de distinguibilidade, homogeneidade e estabilidade de cultivares de goiaba serrana (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret). https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/insumos-agricolas/protecao-de-cultivar/frutiferas
Nodari, R.O., Guerra, M.P., Meler, K.T., & Ducroquet, J.P. (1997). Genetic variability of Feijoa sellowiana germplasm. Acta Horticulturae, 452, 41–46. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.452.6
Nuñez, M., Keller H., & Pirondo, A. (2023). Etnobotánica de Acca sellowiana (Myrtaceae): una especie de uso múltiple de Misiones, Argentina. Bonplandia 32(1): 27-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/bon.3216366
Parra-Coronado, A., Fischer, G., & Camacho-Tamayo, J. H. (2015). Development and quality of pineapple guava fruit in two locations with different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Bragantia, 74(3), 359-366. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.0459
Pasquariello, M. S., Mastrobuoni, F., Di Patre, D., Zampella, L., Capuano, L. R., Scortichini, M., & Petriccione, M. (2015). Agronomic, nutraceutical and molecular variability of feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) germplasm. Scientia Horticulturae,191, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.04.036
Phan, A. D. T., Chaliha, M., Sultanbawa, Y., & Netzel, M. E. (2019). Nutritional characteristics and antimicrobial activity of Australian grown feijoa (Acca sellowiana). Foods, 8(9), 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8090376
Puppo, M., Rivas, M., Franco, J., & Barbieri, R. L. (2014). Propuesta de descriptores para Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura. 36, 957–970. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-393/13
R Development Core Team. (2024, April 11). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. https://www.R-project.org/
Rivas, M., Puppo, M., Baccino, E., Quezada, M., Franco, J., & Pritsch, C. (2024). Phenotypic and molecular diversity of wild populations of Acca sellowiana (Berg.) Burret in the southern area of natural distribution. Horticulturae, 10, 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10040360
Saifert, L., Sánchez-Mora, F. D., Borzuk, L. J., Donazzolo, J., Freitas da Costa, N. C., Nunes Ribeiro, H., & Nodari, R. O. (2020). Evaluation of the genetic diversity in the feijoa accessions maintained at Santa Catarina, Brazil. Crop Science, 60, 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20088
Sánchez-Mora, F. D., Saifert, L., Ciotta, M. N., Ribeiro, H. N., Petry, V. S., Rojas-Molina, A. M., Lopes, M. E., Lombardi, G. G., dos Santos, K. L., Ducroquet, J. P. H. J., & Nodari, R. O. (2019). Characterization of phenotypic diversity of feijoa fruits of germplasm accessions in Brazil. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.2134/age2019.01.0005
Sánchez-Mora, F. D., Saifert, L., Ciotta, M. N., Ribeiro, H. N., Malinovski, L. I., Santos, K. L., Ducroquet, J. P. H. J., & Nodari, R. O. (2020). Phenological behavior of feijoa accessions in their main diversity center. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 55, e01778. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01778
Sánchez-Mora, F. D., Saifert, L., Ribeiro, H. N., Rojas-Molina, A. M., Borsuk, L. J., dos Santos, K. L., Ducroquet, J. P. H. J., & Nodari, R. O. (2022). Advances on self-(in) compatibility of accessions of feijoa [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg.) Burret]. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 51(4), 642-661. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.2022.2073374
Santos, H. A. A., Faita, M. R., Orth, A. I., Ribeiro, L. G., Felippeto, J., & Nodari, R.O. (2022). Phenological development of fruits in cultivars of feijoa (Acca sellowiana) and its relationship with South American fruit fly infestation. Ciência Rural, 52(8), e20210353. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210353
Sganzerla, W.G., Ferreira, A.L.A., Rosa, G.B., Azevedo, M.S., Ferrareze, J.P., Komatsu, R.A., Nunes, M.R., da Rosa, C.G., Schmit, R., Costa, M.D., Ciotta, M.N., & de Lima Veeck, A.P. (2020) Feijoa [Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret] accessions characterization and discrimination by chemometrics. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(15), 5373-5384. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10585
Silveira, A.C., Oyarzún, D., Záccari, F., & Rivas, M. (2015). Determinación de algunos atributos de calidad en frutos de guayabo del país [Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret] en diferentes estados de maduración. Agrociencia (Uruguay), 19(1), 24 - 30. https://agrocienciauruguay.uy/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/311/265
Vatrano, T., Amenta, M., Copetta, A., Guardo, M., Nunziata, A., Strano, M.C., & Petriccione, M. (2022). Multifunctional role of Acca sellowiana from farm management to postharvest life: A Review. Agronomy, 12, 1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081802
Vilatuña, J., Valenzuela, P., Bolaños, J., Hidalgo, R., & Mariño, A. (2016). Hospederos de moscas de la fruta Anastrepha spp. y Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) en Ecuador. Revista Científica Ecuatoriana 3(1). https://doi.org/10.36331/revista.v3i1.16
Zhao, Y., Febrianto, N. A., & Zhu, F. (2023). Characterization of physicochemical properties, flavor volatiles and phenolic compounds of feijoa fruit varieties. Food Chemistry, 419, 136074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136074
Zhu, F. (2018). Chemical and biological properties of feijoa (Acca sellowiana). Trends in Food Science & Technology, 81, 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.008
Published
2025-04-14
How to Cite
Palacios-Villacrés, A., Sánchez-Mora, F., & Onofre , R. (2025). Multivariate analysis in the characterization of feijoa fruits (Acca sellowiana [O. Berg] Burret) in Tungurahua, Ecuador. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 42(2), e254219. Retrieved from https://produccioncientificaluz.org./index.php/agronomia/article/view/43793
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Crop Production
Copyright (c) 2025 Augusto Rodrigo Palacios Villacrés, Fernando David Sánchez-Mora, Rubens Onofre Nodari
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