Production of a distilled mango drink: volatile compounds and heavy metal
Keywords:
distilled beverage, mango, physicochemical properties
Abstract
The optimization of processes for the production of fruit distillates is essential to ensure high product quality, comply with current regulations, and promote the development of the agro-industrial sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of a mango distillate (Mangifera indica L.), varieties Kent and Alphonso, in order to optimize its production process, the fruits underwent controlled fermentation and subsequent distillation, during which volatile compounds and heavy metals were analyzed. The results showed significant differences between both varieties in terms of the concentration of ethyl acetate and furfural, which influence the sensory profile of the distillate. Methanol concentrations and other harmful compounds remained within regulatory limits. However, the copper concentration exceeded the limit allowed by the Peruvian Technical Standard (5 mg.L-1), while zinc levels remained within safe parameters according to the WHO. This study demonstrates that, with adjustments in process control, mango distillate has the potential to be a high sensory quality product suitable for commercialization.
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References
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Sumit, B., Amit Jasrotia, Sushma, S., Arti, S., & Aman Tutlani. (2023). View of Recent Advances in Breeding of Mango (Mangifera indica): A Review. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(11), 521–538. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113196
Valverde-Rodríguez, A., Ramos-Vega, Y. I., Campos Albornoz, M. E., & Jara Claudio, F. R. (2023). Plaguicidas de bajo impacto ambiental en el control de la cochinilla de la nieve Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) del mango en Perú. Revista Producción + Limpia, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.22507/pml.v18n1a3
Wolf, J., Sandstead, Harold H., & Rink, L. (2022). Chapter 38-Zinc. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, (963–984). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822946-0.00034-9
Arslan, M. M., Zeren, C., Aydin, Z., Akcan, R., Dokuyucu, R., Keten, A., & Cekin, N. (2015). Analysis of methanol and its derivatives in illegally produced alcoholic beverages. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 33, 56–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2015.04.005
Barchha, R., & Ray, A. K. (2023). Capter 1-Distillation. Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering (Sixth Edition, Vol. 2B). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101097-6.00001-8
Côrtes, S. D. L., Borsato, D., Kimura, M., Moreira, I., Galão, O. F., & Costa, S. B. (2018). Optimisation of fermentation conditions in the production of ethanol from Palmer mango. Semina: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, 39(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2018v39n1p34
de Freitas Pedrosa, L., Nascimento, K. R., Soares, C. G., Oliveira, D. P. de, de Vos, P., & Fabi, J. P. (2023). Unveiling Plant-Based Pectins: Exploring the Interplay of Direct Effects, Fermentation, and Technological Applications in Clinical Research with a Focus on the Chemical Structure. Plants, 12(14), 2750. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142750
de Oliveira, P. N., Alcarde, A. R., Bortoletto, A. M., Abud, A. K. de S., & de Oliveira Júnior, A. M. (2022). Production and characterization of a new mango distilled beverage. Scientia Agricola, 79(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2020-0149
Galindo Reyes, G. (2020). Mango Wine Production, by an Easy Fermentation and Distillation Procedure, Using the Surplus or Rejected Fruit, Produced in Sinaloa, Mexico. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 23(3), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2020/v23i330147
Hamala, P., & Wierzbowska-Drabik, K. (2023). Alcohol Impact on the Heart and Cardiovascular System - Hypertrophy, Remodeling and Strain Impairment - Contemporary State-of-the-Art. Argentine Journal of Cardiology, 91(1), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.7775/RAC.ES.V91.I1.20592
Hatta-Sakoda, B., Guevara-Pérez, A., & Morales-Soriano, E. (2024). Evolution of Acetaldehyde, Methanol, and Furfural in Pisco Distillation. ACS Food Science & Technology, 4(4), 889–894. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsfoodscitech.3c00627
Ibarra-Camacho, R., & León-Duharte, L. (2018). Physicochemical characterization of distillery vinasse. Ciencia En Su PC, 1(2), 1–13. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=181358410001
Liu, P.-T., Zhang, B.-Q., Duan, C.-Q., & Yan, G.-L. (2020). Pre-fermentative supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids alters the effect of overexpressing ATF1 and EEB1 on esters biosynthesis in red wine. LWT, 120, 108925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108925
Mandha, J., Shumoy, H., Devaere, J., Schouteten, J. J., Gellynck, X., De Winne, A., Matemu, A. O., & Raes, K. (2022). Effect of Lactic Acid Fermentation on Volatile Compounds and Sensory Characteristics of Mango (Mangifera indica) Juices. Foods, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11030383
Mansouri, V., Rezaei-Tavirani, M., Ahmadzadeh, A., Shadnia, S., Mostafazadeh, B., Robati, R. M., & Razaghi, Z. (2024). Toxicology and Metabolic Effects of Methanol and Formaldehyde on the Brain, a Review Article. International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, 13(04), 42894. https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v13i4.42894
Marquina, H., Maldonado, A., Monascal, Y., Cartaya, L., Alvarez-Aular, A., Trujillo, P., & Mora, J. R. (2018). Concentración de metanol en algunas bebidas alcohólicas comercializadas en Venezuela por medio de la técnica GC-FID. Avances En Química, 13(2), 41–44. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=93357709002
Muley, A. B., Mulchandani, K., & Singhal, R. S. (2024). An in-depth investigation on the presence of methanol in Garcinia cambogia fruits and rinds: Role of pectin methyl esterase and indigenous fungi. Food Chemistry Advances, 4, 100687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100687
Musyimi, S. M., Okoth, E. M., Sila, D. N., & Onyango, C. A. (2017). Production, optimization and characterization of mango fruit wine: towards value addition of mango produce. http://ir.jkuat.ac.ke/handle/123456789/3330
Instituto Nacional de Calidad (INACAL). (2006). NTP 211.001:2006. Pisco. Especificaciones.
Instituto Nacional de Calidad (INACAL). (1982). NTP 210.025:1982. Bebidas alcohólicas. Determinación de acetato de etilo.
Ratkovich, N., Esser, C., de Resende Machado, A. M., Mendes, B. de A., & Cardoso, M. das G. (2023). The Spirit of Cachaça Production: An Umbrella Review of Processes, Flavour, Contaminants and Quality Improvement. Foods, 12(17), 3325. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12173325
Schoofs, H., Schmit, J., & Rink, L. (2024). Zinc Toxicity: Understanding the Limits. Molecules, 29(13), 3130. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133130
Song, J., Wang, Y., Xu, H., Liu, J., Wang, J., Zhang, H., & Nie, C. (2023). A Physiogenomic Study of the Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Isoamyl Alcohol. Fermentation, 10(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10010004
Sumit, B., Amit Jasrotia, Sushma, S., Arti, S., & Aman Tutlani. (2023). View of Recent Advances in Breeding of Mango (Mangifera indica): A Review. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(11), 521–538. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113196
Valverde-Rodríguez, A., Ramos-Vega, Y. I., Campos Albornoz, M. E., & Jara Claudio, F. R. (2023). Plaguicidas de bajo impacto ambiental en el control de la cochinilla de la nieve Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) del mango en Perú. Revista Producción + Limpia, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.22507/pml.v18n1a3
Wolf, J., Sandstead, Harold H., & Rink, L. (2022). Chapter 38-Zinc. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, (963–984). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822946-0.00034-9
Published
2025-01-09
How to Cite
Giménez-López, B., Quispe, A., Giménez-Medina, M., & Bollet, H. (2025). Production of a distilled mango drink: volatile compounds and heavy metal. Revista De La Facultad De Agronomía De La Universidad Del Zulia, 42(1), e254206. Retrieved from https://produccioncientificaluz.org./index.php/agronomia/article/view/43236
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Section
Food Technology
Copyright (c) 2025 Bruno César Giménez-López, Alejandro Alfredo Quispe Mayuri, Manuel Antonio Giménez-Medina, Cristhian Ronceros Morales, Herman Berlit Bollet Sheron
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
